Understanding Atrial Fibrillation (AFib): Symptoms, Risks, and Treatment Options

Atrial fibrillation, commonly called AFib, is the most common type of heart arrhythmia in the U.S. and worldwide. It’s an irregular heart rhythm that affects the top chambers of the heart and, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications like stroke or heart failure.

Robin Singh, MD, a cardiac electrophysiologist at Norman Regional’s Heart and Vascular Associates, answers some of the most common questions about AFib, its symptoms, and available treatment options in honor of Afib Awareness Month.

What Is Atrial Fibrillation?

“Atrial fibrillation is the most common heart arrhythmia that we encounter in today’s society,” explains Dr. Singh. “It’s an irregular heart rhythm that involves the top chambers of the heart, and we’re encountering it more often nowadays, especially with smartwatches and smartphones being so prevalent.”

AFib can range from occasional episodes to persistent, long-term irregular heart rhythms.

What Are the Symptoms of AFib?

AFib doesn’t always look the same for every patient.

Common AFib symptoms include:

• Heart palpitations or a fluttering/racing heartbeat
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue or low energy
• Dizziness or feeling faint

“Some patients never experience symptoms during their atrial fibrillation episodes, so it really does run the gamut,” says Dr. Singh.

Can AFib Symptoms Change Over Time?

Yes. In the early stages, patients often notice fluttering, palpitations, or fatigue. But over the years, AFib may progress to the point where it stops being symptomatic.

This makes it especially important to keep up with regular checkups — because even without symptoms, AFib still carries risks.

What Are the Risks of Leaving AFib Untreated?

The two biggest concerns with untreated atrial fibrillation are:

1. Stroke or mini-stroke – AFib increases the risk of blood clots, which can lead to strokes.
2. Worsening heart function – Rapid, irregular heart rhythms left unchecked can weaken the heart muscle over time.

“We always try to ensure that patients, if they qualify, are appropriately on blood thinners,” says Dr. Singh. “For others, treatment may involve rhythm medications or an ablation procedure that we offer here at Norman Regional.”

When Should You See a Doctor for AFib Symptoms?

If you’re experiencing possible AFib symptoms, don’t wait to talk to your doctor.

• Severe symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, or chest discomfort require urgent care at your nearest ER.
• Mild symptoms should still be evaluated by a cardiologist as soon as possible.

“Ideally, patients should talk to their doctors whenever they’re feeling any of those symptoms that are commonly associated with atrial fibrillation,” notes Dr. Singh.

Why Is AFib More Common Today?

Age is the biggest risk factor.

“Twenty-five percent of people above the age of 40 will develop atrial fibrillation at some point in their lifetime,” explains Dr. Singh. “I also think smartphones and smartwatches being so prevalent in our society today has contributed to more diagnoses.”

What Are the Treatment Options for AFib?

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and underlying risks.

First-Line Options

• Medications to control rhythm and reduce clot risk
• AFib ablation – increasingly recommended as a first-line treatment for patients with symptomatic AFib or those diagnosed with heart failure

Advanced Options

• Convergent hybrid surgical ablation – available at Norman Regional for select patients, combining minimally invasive surgery with catheter ablation for stronger outcomes

“Patients tend to respond better to an AFib ablation procedure if it’s performed within the first year after their initial diagnosis,” says Dr. Singh.

Related page: Atrial Fibrillation Procedures

Correct Afib Early to Avoid Managing It Later

AFib is common, but it should never be ignored. Even if symptoms fade, the risks remain.

“If you’re experiencing palpitations, shortness of breath, or fatigue, talk to your doctor,” encourages Dr. Singh. “There are safe and effective treatments available — and the sooner we act, the better the outcomes.”

If you or a loved one are living with atrial fibrillation, schedule a consultation with a cardiologist at Norman Heart and Vascular Associates by calling 405-515-2222 to explore treatment options tailored to you.